> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://riteshs4hu.gitbook.io/infosec-notes/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://riteshs4hu.gitbook.io/infosec-notes/networking-fundamentals/network-topology.md). # Network Topology Network Topology refers to the physical or logical layout of a computer network. It describes how devices and nodes are connected and how data flows from one device to another in a network. ## **Types of Network Topologies** **1. Bus Topology:-** In this topology, all devices are connected to a single cable, known as the backbone. Data flows in both directions along the backbone.

**2. Star Topology:-** In this topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. Data flows between devices through the hub or switch.

**3. Ring Topology:-** In this topology, all devices are connected circularly, forming a ring. Data flows in one direction along the ring.

**4. Mesh Topology:-** In this topology, all devices are connected peer-to-peer. Data can flow through multiple paths between devices, making the network more reliable and fault-tolerant.

**5. Hybrid Topology:-** In this topology, a combination of two or more topologies is used in a network. For example, a network may use a star-bus topology, connecting multiple star topologies through a bus backbone.